Laser engraving

Laser engraving, also known as laser marking, is a laser processing technique that uses a focused laser beam to irradiate a material surface, causing physical or chemical changes that create permanent text, patterns, or markings. This is a non-contact process, meaning the laser does not need to touch the workpiece, making it suitable for fine details and intricate designs. Laser energy and focal position can be precisely controlled by computer to achieve high-resolution engraving.

Laser engraving can be divided into two main types based on the engraving method: raster engraving and vector cutting.
Raster Engraving: Similar to high-resolution dot-matrix printing, raster engraving works by moving the laser head back and forth horizontally, marking a line composed of a series of dots with each pass. The laser head then moves vertically to engrave multiple lines, forming a complete image or text. Raster engraving can be used for scanned graphics, text, and vector-based artwork.

Vector Cutting: Unlike raster engraving, vector cutting follows the outlines of graphics and text. This method is commonly used for through-cutting materials such as wood, paper, and acrylic. It can also be used for surface marking on a wide range of materials.

4.1. Minimum Line Width / Character Size

Avoid designing lines that are too fine. As a general reference, the minimum line width for stable laser engraving should be ≥0.08 mm (fiber laser). For small logos and text, a minimum line width of ≥0.12 mm is recommended to prevent broken lines and blurred edges. The minimum engravable line width may increase on curved surfaces and in areas with small radii.

4.2. Corners and Narrow Edges

Sharp corners, tight-radius transitions, and thin-wall areas are prone to heat accumulation during laser engraving, which may cause yellowing, substrate deformation, or cracking. Avoid large-area laser engraving on thin walls where possible.

4.2. Corners and Narrow Edges

Sharp corners, tight-radius transitions, and thin-wall areas are prone to heat accumulation during laser engraving, which may cause yellowing, substrate deformation, or cracking. Avoid large-area laser engraving on thin walls where possible.

4.3. Depth Control

For shallow engraving (color change / black marking), keep the depth below 0.02 mm where possible to maintain a smooth surface without a noticeable tactile recess. Deep laser engraving removes material and may affect dimensions and assembly, so depth tolerances should be specified on engineering drawings. Avoid deep engraving on mating surfaces.

4.4. Curved and Angled Surfaces

Large angled surfaces and curved surfaces may result in variations in focal distance, causing uneven contrast across the pattern. Minimize the engraving area on highly curved surfaces or use 3D laser engraving.

4.4. Multilayer Coatings (Coating Removal on Spray-Painted / Powder-Coated Parts)

Variations in coating thickness can affect the coating removal results. If the coating is too thin, the laser may locally penetrate and damage the substrate. If the coating is too thick, carbon buildup and blackening may occur along the edges.